The ahruf and qiraat of the quran:
the prophet SAW said:
the quran was revealed in 7 ahruf (harf)
So what does harf mean?
Allah says "there are people who worship Allah on a harf". Ahruf linguistically means direction, so in Arabic it is said that I will travel to Makkah in the direction of Jeddah , or in the direction of Taif.
the first type of harf
is the different word but similar meaning
e.g. if a fasiq comes to you then fatabayanu (clarify) (warsh) or fatathabu (establish) the truth- they are both spelt the same and both have been accepted by the prophet
surah fatiha-
maaliki (hafs)- owner
malik (warsh)- king
similar meaning
second harf-
different words and meanings- but spelt the same
yusuf- and the one who was saved and after much time (ummah)
much forgetfulness (ammahim) -
baqarah- there is no prophet .... katala /kutil - meaning is different
insan- about people of paradise- mulkan kabeera/ malikan kabeera (ibn katheer harf)- different word but different meaning
3rd harf
increase/decrease
tawbah- gardens (min)from which rivers flow- ibn katheer recitation- min has been added to the same verse- and both have been established by the prophet
hadeed- Allah (He is/ Huwwa) is the rich and praiseworthy- Huwwa has been added/
bismillah- written as a separator of the surahs in the quran -is not in some of the uthman mushafs- and the malikis dont recite the bismillah
4th harf
delayed/brought forward: ta'khir//taqdeem
Allah has bought from the believers thier lives and wealth.....they are killed and will kill- yaqtulun wa yuqtalun- same spelling - some recitation is reversed
Imran- their lord responded to them that their actions will not be wasted...wa qatalu wa qutilo- same spelling and in another recitation- qutal wa qatal
5th:
grammatical difference
Sura Nisa- oh you who believe do not devour your wealth - unless it is commerce/you are trading : tajjaratan/tijjaratun - (mansub/dammah): changes the word from the object to the subject
ibrahim: Allahi (Hafs)/Allahu - to Him belongs what is in the skies and earth
6th:
difference in the accents of the people- some of the Arabs find others accents difficult- e.g. the letter saad ص and the letter seen س so some Arabs recite "sirat" with a saad and some with a seen.
the letter ya is recited with a slight indentation on the tone
e.g. surat ad-duha: wa-duha/wa-duhay also majraha/majrayha
salah with takhfeem and without
bal ran - with idgham or with a pause and no idgham
mumineen (warsh) and mu'mineen with hamza
all the differences in tajweed fall under this
7th:
stopping at different places in the quran
surah yusuf: Hafs: there is no revenge upon you today, (pause). May Allah Forgive you
other recitation: there is no revenge upon you, (pause), Today May Allah Forgive you
the meaning therefore changes
surah anfal: Allah is aziz hakim...when you see the disbelievers die , the Angels striking them- (indicates the angels killed them)
other recitation: pause after 'die'- so the meaning changes which does not neccessarily mean that the angels killed them- and in fact the meaning comes from the previous ayah which says that Allah is the one who caused their death (through the angels).
what is the point/beneift of these 7 dialects?
-it makes you pay attention to the differences and ponder
-ease of recitation
-additional meanings and therefore ease of understanding
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